Archive for September, 2016

Luke 18:1-8 Proper 24/Ordinary 29

September 5, 2016

Then Jesus* told them a parable about their need to pray always and not to lose heart. 2He said, ‘In a certain city there was a judge who neither feared God nor had respect for people. 3In that city there was a widow who kept coming to him and saying, “Grant me justice against my opponent.” 4For a while he refused; but later he said to himself, “Though I have no fear of God and no respect for anyone, 5yet because this widow keeps bothering me, I will grant her justice, so that she may not wear me out by continually coming.” ’* 6And the Lord said, ‘Listen to what the unjust judge says. 7And will not God grant justice to his chosen ones who cry to him day and night? Will he delay long in helping them? 8I tell you, he will quickly grant justice to them. And yet, when the Son of Man comes, will he find faith on earth?’

How is this woman ‘typically Jewish’?

Deuteronomy 10:18 who executes justice for the orphan and the widow, and who loves the strangers, providing them with food and clothing.

Deuteronomy 14:29 the Levites, because they have no allotment or inheritance with you, as well as the resident aliens, the orphans, and the widows in your towns, may come and eat their fill so that the Lord your God may bless you in all the work that you undertake.

Deuteronomy 16:11 Rejoice before the Lord your God—you and your sons and your daughters, your male and female slaves, the Levites resident in your towns, as well as the strangers, the orphans, and the widows who are among you—at the place that the Lord your God will choose as a dwelling for his name.

Deuteronomy 24:19-20 When you reap your harvest in your field and forget a sheaf in the field, you shall not go back to get it; it shall be left for the alien, the orphan, and the widow, so that the Lord your God may bless you in all your undertakings. 20When you beat your olive trees, do not strip what is left; it shall be for the alien, the orphan, and the widow.

Isaiah 1:17 learn to do good; seek justice, rescue the oppressed, defend the orphan, plead for the widow.

Ezekiel 22:7 Father and mother are treated with contempt in you; the alien residing within you suffers extortion; the orphan and the widow are wronged in you.

Sirach 35:17 He will not ignore the supplication of the orphan, or the widow when she pours out her complaint.

Jeremiah 5:28 they do not judge with justice the cause of the orphan, to make it prosper, and they do not defend the rights of the needy.

Zechariah 7:9-10 Render true judgements, show kindness and mercy to one another; do not oppress the widow, the orphan, the alien, or the poor; and do not devise evil in your hearts against one another.

She has the chutzpah to challenge

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Sermon for Proper 23/Ordinary 30 2 Kings 5:1-3

September 5, 2016

Whoever does not receive the kingdom of God as a little child will never enter it – words of Jesus in Luke’s Gospel

In the name…..

The slave girl was a nobody. Her name isn’t even recorded. Her lowly status is emphasized by the way the text describes her: na’arah qatan – young, little. She is pre-adolescent. In today’s world, she’s like girls stolen from Thailand or Uzbekistan fnaamanor use in the sex trade or boys kidnapped to be soldiers. She was kidnapped from her country, Israel, by the Arameans in one of their military raids and taken to Aram, modern day Syria. and she becomes a servant of Naaman’s wife. What did the little girl see when she was taken in that raid? Did she witness the murders of her mother and father? Siblings? We are not told. We do know that her captors could not quench her spirit. She knew about Elisha; her community had taught her about him. They could take the girl out of Israel but they couldn’t take Israel out of the girl.
The slave girl was a nobody: owned but unable to own property, spoken for, but unable to speak in a court of justice, torn from her family and forced into slavery in a foreign country with foreign gods and a foreign language. She has no social power. No economic power. No political power. No access to the official centre of spiritual power. Just part of General Namaan’s war booty brought home to enhance his upwardly mobile lifestyle, a new maid for the wife.

If anyone had an excuse to abandon the God of Israel, she did! After all, he hadn’t protected her from the Aramean raiders, and he hadn’t kept her from a life of slavery! But she wasn’t looking for complaints against him; instead, she was looking for opportunities to spread his love.

Naaman was the Commander of the Syrian army, a man of courage, a top soldier with strategic ability. He had proved himself a worthy soldier, a man whom his king could trust: rare in those oriental courts so noted for their dastardly intrigue. Naaman comes from the Hebrew verb naem, “be delightful, pleasant, beautiful.”  “gracious” or “well formed.” His name suggests that he had been a handsome man but, the words you heard in our first reading: The man, though a mighty warrior, suffered from leprosy –

The Hebrew is more blunt: The man, a mighty warrior, leper. All the glory, all the honour, all the dignity, is all obliterated by that one dreadful word, leper.

 Naaman is powerful, or is he? The King of Aram has sent him to his enemy, Israel where leprosy rendered you unclean.  Naaman has gone from being a well thought of insider to an unclean outsider! He’s taken the advice of a little girl and gone to see Elisha yet Elisha doesn’t even come out to meet him but sends an insulting message:

Wash in the Jordan? Where the waters were discoloured and muddy? Why not back home? Damascus, the capital city of Syria. one of the oldest cities in the world, a very beautiful oasis with the two rivers, the Abana and the Pharpar, flowing forth from the mountains of Hermon through sandy terrain making them sparkling clean.

Further humiliation:

Wash seven times.

One: This is stupid, this water’s nothing special!

Two: I’ve got better, cleaner rivers at home

Three: I can’t believe I’m even doing this!

Four: I’m getting wrinkled

Five: Something’s nibling my bum!

Six: This water stinks, or is that me?”

Seven: It worked!

God uses different agents: a little girl who speaks with deep conviction. She didn’t have to heal Naaman herself, or even pray for him to be healed; all she had to do was point him in the right direction. The king of Syria who intervenes with the lofty disdain of power. Elisha who remains anonymous and absent. The servants who persuade Naaman. None can pretend that he is the central point in God’s action.

Each had his own part. Each fulfilled her own vocation. We can’t all be Elisha, but we can all be the servant girl. We can be faithful to God even if our circumstances are less than ideal. We can reach across the barriers, caring not only for our friends but also for those we find it difficult to get along with and even for those who we might think of as our enemies. And we can point them in the right direction

A powerless, young girl in an alien culture but look at her again. She is not powerless.

She gives her simple testimony to the God she knows: power to subvert the seemingly dominant world of Naaman. By such means God’s Kingdom is advanced and other worlds are undone. Not the God you can put in a box but the God who works through losers, who sends us to places we’d rather not visit, enemy territory even, where outsiders become insiders.

Like Naaman, we are confronted with big problems. Their solution requires us to abandon our ideas of what the solution should look like, to be open to the God of surprises, to listen to the voices of the marginalised, take seriously the insights of children and young people. Children are not merely adults-in-waiting. They have their own role already. Unless we possess certain of their traits, we won’t be able to enter the Kingdom.

Lastly, we need to wash ourselves in the cleansing waters of humble obedience to our own, inner child, in those same waters in which Naaman was immersed and Jesus himself was baptised.

Naaman’s flesh is restored (shub), and compared to that of a little child. Thus, the great man, through the intercession of the little girl is made like a little boy.

whoever does not receive the kingdom of God as a little child will never enter it

Whoever does not receive the kingdom of God as a little child will never enter it – words of Jesus in Luke’s Gospel

In the name…..

The slave girl was a nobody. Her name isn’t even recorded. Her lowly status is emphasized by the way the text describes her: na’arah qatan – young, little. She is pre-adolescent. In today’s world, she’s like girls stolen from Thailand or Uzbekistan for use in the sex trade or boys kidnapped to be soldiers. She was kidnapped from her country, Israel, by the Arameans in one of their military raids and taken to Aram, modern day Syria. and she becomes a servant of Naaman’s wife. What did the little girl see when she was taken in that raid? Did she witness the murders of her mother and father? Siblings? We are not told. We do know that her captors could not quench her spirit. She knew about Elisha; her community had taught her about him. They could take the girl out of Israel but they couldn’t take Israel out of the girl.
The slave girl was a nobody: owned but unable to own property, spoken for, but unable to speak in a court of justice, torn from her family and forced into slavery in a foreign country with foreign gods and a foreign language. She has no social power. No economic power. No political power. No access to the official centre of spiritual power. Just part of General Namaan’s war booty brought home to enhance his upwardly mobile lifestyle, a new maid for the wife.

If anyone had an excuse to abandon the God of Israel, she did! After all, he hadn’t protected her from the Aramean raiders, and he hadn’t kept her from a life of slavery! But she wasn’t looking for complaints against him; instead, she was looking for opportunities to spread his love.

Naaman was the Commander of the Syrian army, a man of courage, a top soldier with strategic ability. He had proved himself a worthy soldier, a man whom his king could trust: rare in those oriental courts so noted for their dastardly intrigue. Naaman comes from the Hebrew verb naem, “be delightful, pleasant, beautiful.”  “gracious” or “well formed.” His name suggests that he had been a handsome man but, the words you heard in our first reading: The man, though a mighty warrior, suffered from leprosy –

The Hebrew is more blunt: The man, a mighty warrior, leper. All the glory, all the honour, all the dignity, is all obliterated by that one dreadful word, leper.

 Naaman is powerful, or is he? The King of Aram has sent him to his enemy, Israel where leprosy rendered you unclean.  Naaman has gone from being a well thought of insider to an unclean outsider! He’s taken the advice of a little girl and gone to see Elisha yet Elisha doesn’t even come out to meet him but sends an insulting message:

Wash in the Jordan? Where the waters were discoloured and muddy? Why not back home? Damascus, the capital city of Syria. one of the oldest cities in the world, a very beautiful oasis with the two rivers, the Abana and the Pharpar, flowing forth from the mountains of Hermon through sandy terrain making them sparkling clean.

Further humiliation:

Wash seven times.

One: This is stupid, this water’s nothing special!

Two: I’ve got better, cleaner rivers at home

Three: I can’t believe I’m even doing this!

Four: I’m getting wrinkled

Five: Something’s nibling my bum!

Six: This water stinks, or is that me?”

Seven: It worked!

God uses different agents: a little girl who speaks with deep conviction. She didn’t have to heal Naaman herself, or even pray for him to be healed; all she had to do was point him in the right direction. The king of Syria who intervenes with the lofty disdain of power. Elisha who remains anonymous and absent. The servants who persuade Naaman. None can pretend that he is the central point in God’s action.

Each had his own part. Each fulfilled her own vocation. We can’t all be Elisha, but we can all be the servant girl. We can be faithful to God even if our circumstances are less than ideal. We can reach across the barriers, caring not only for our friends but also for those we find it difficult to get along with and even for those who we might think of as our enemies. And we can point them in the right direction

A powerless, young girl in an alien culture but look at her again. She is not powerless.

She gives her simple testimony to the God she knows: power to subvert the seemingly dominant world of Naaman. By such means God’s Kingdom is advanced and other worlds are undone. Not the God you can put in a box but the God who works through losers, who sends us to places we’d rather not visit, enemy territory even, where outsiders become insiders.

Like Naaman, we are confronted with big problems. Their solution requires us to abandon our ideas of what the solution should look like, to be open to the God of surprises, to listen to the voices of the marginalised, take seriously the insights of children and young people. Children are not merely adults-in-waiting. They have their own role already. Unless we possess certain of their traits, we won’t be able to enter the Kingdom.

Lastly, we need to wash ourselves in the cleansing waters of humble obedience to our own, inner child, in those same waters in which Naaman was immersed and Jesus himself was baptised.

Naaman’s flesh is restored (shub), and compared to that of a little child. Thus, the great man, through the intercession of the little girl is made like a little boy.

whoever does not receive the kingdom of God as a little child will never enter it

Whoever does not receive the kingdom of God as a little child will never enter it – words of Jesus in Luke’s Gospel

In the name…..

The slave girl was a nobody. Her name isn’t even recorded. Her lowly status is emphasized by the way the text describes her: na’arah qatan – young, little. She is pre-adolescent. In today’s world, she’s like girls stolen from Thailand or Uzbekistan for use in the sex trade or boys kidnapped to be soldiers. She was kidnapped from her country, Israel, by the Arameans in one of their military raids and taken to Aram, modern day Syria. and she becomes a servant of Naaman’s wife. What did the little girl see when she was taken in that raid? Did she witness the murders of her mother and father? Siblings? We are not told. We do know that her captors could not quench her spirit. She knew about Elisha; her community had taught her about him. They could take the girl out of Israel but they couldn’t take Israel out of the girl.
The slave girl was a nobody: owned but unable to own property, spoken for, but unable to speak in a court of justice, torn from her family and forced into slavery in a foreign country with foreign gods and a foreign language. She has no social power. No economic power. No political power. No access to the official centre of spiritual power. Just part of General Namaan’s war booty brought home to enhance his upwardly mobile lifestyle, a new maid for the wife.

If anyone had an excuse to abandon the God of Israel, she did! After all, he hadn’t protected her from the Aramean raiders, and he hadn’t kept her from a life of slavery! But she wasn’t looking for complaints against him; instead, she was looking for opportunities to spread his love.

Naaman was the Commander of the Syrian army, a man of courage, a top soldier with strategic ability. He had proved himself a worthy soldier, a man whom his king could trust: rare in those oriental courts so noted for their dastardly intrigue. Naaman comes from the Hebrew verb naem, “be delightful, pleasant, beautiful.”  “gracious” or “well formed.” His name suggests that he had been a handsome man but, the words you heard in our first reading: The man, though a mighty warrior, suffered from leprosy –

The Hebrew is more blunt: The man, a mighty warrior, leper. All the glory, all the honour, all the dignity, is all obliterated by that one dreadful word, leper.

 Naaman is powerful, or is he? The King of Aram has sent him to his enemy, Israel where leprosy rendered you unclean.  Naaman has gone from being a well thought of insider to an unclean outsider! He’s taken the advice of a little girl and gone to see Elisha yet Elisha doesn’t even come out to meet him but sends an insulting message:

Wash in the Jordan? Where the waters were discoloured and muddy? Why not back home? Damascus, the capital city of Syria. one of the oldest cities in the world, a very beautiful oasis with the two rivers, the Abana and the Pharpar, flowing forth from the mountains of Hermon through sandy terrain making them sparkling clean.

Further humiliation:

Wash seven times.

One: This is stupid, this water’s nothing special!

Two: I’ve got better, cleaner rivers at home

Three: I can’t believe I’m even doing this!

Four: I’m getting wrinkled

Five: Something’s nibling my bum!

Six: This water stinks, or is that me?”

Seven: It worked!

God uses different agents: a little girl who speaks with deep conviction. She didn’t have to heal Naaman herself, or even pray for him to be healed; all she had to do was point him in the right direction. The king of Syria who intervenes with the lofty disdain of power. Elisha who remains anonymous and absent. The servants who persuade Naaman. None can pretend that he is the central point in God’s action.

Each had his own part. Each fulfilled her own vocation. We can’t all be Elisha, but we can all be the servant girl. We can be faithful to God even if our circumstances are less than ideal. We can reach across the barriers, caring not only for our friends but also for those we find it difficult to get along with and even for those who we might think of as our enemies. And we can point them in the right direction

A powerless, young girl in an alien culture but look at her again. She is not powerless.

She gives her simple testimony to the God she knows: power to subvert the seemingly dominant world of Naaman. By such means God’s Kingdom is advanced and other worlds are undone. Not the God you can put in a box but the God who works through losers, who sends us to places we’d rather not visit, enemy territory even, where outsiders become insiders.

Like Naaman, we are confronted with big problems. Their solution requires us to abandon our ideas of what the solution should look like, to be open to the God of surprises, to listen to the voices of the marginalised, take seriously the insights of children and young people. Children are not merely adults-in-waiting. They have their own role already. Unless we possess certain of their traits, we won’t be able to enter the Kingdom.

Lastly, we need to wash ourselves in the cleansing waters of humble obedience to our own, inner child, in those same waters in which Naaman was immersed and Jesus himself was baptised.

Naaman’s flesh is restored (shub), and compared to that of a little child. Thus, the great man, through the intercession of the little girl is made like a little boy.

whoever does not receive the kingdom of God as a little child will never enter it

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Luke 17:11-19 Proper 23/Ordinary 28C

September 5, 2016

On the way to Jerusalem Jesus was going through the region between Samaria and Galilee. As he entered a village, ten lepers approached him. Keeping their distance, they called out, saying, ‘Jesus, Master, have mercy on us!’ When he saw them, he said to them, ‘Go and show yourselves to the priests.’ And as they went, they were made clean. Then one of them, when he saw that he was healed, turned back, praising God with a loud voice. He prostrated himself at Jesus’ feet and thanked him. And he was a Samaritan. Then Jesus asked, ‘Were not ten made clean? But the other nine, where are they? Was none of them found to return and give praise to God except this foreigner?’ Then he said to him, ‘Get up and go on your way; your faith has made you well.’

What did Jewish law proscribe for lepers?

Most biblical scholars agree that what is called sara’at is not what today is called leprosy (Hansen’s disease). Rather, the term refers to various skin diseases that were thought to be infectious and rendered persons ritually impure or unclean.

Those who suffered from these conditions were supposed to identify themselves to those with whom they came in contact by shouting “Unclean, unclean!” (Lev 13:45, NAB) lest the latter be contaminated physically and/or ritually.

They were to separate themselves from the community and live on the outskirts of their village or city: “He shall dwell apart, making his abode outside the camp” (Lev 13:46, NAB).

The only way in which sara’at sufferers could return to human society was to have themselves examined by the priests according to the detailed instructions in Leviticus and be declared by them to be free from the disease.

Luke’s narrative reflects the stipulations of Leviticus 13— 14. The lepers are on the outskirts of the village. They stand at a distance from Jesus. They seek healing from Jesus: “Have pity on us!” And Jesus instructs them to go to the priests and presumably have themselves declared clean once more. Jesus observes the precepts of the Torah.

The lectionary pairs Luke 17:11—19 with the Naaman story in 2 Kings 5 affirms Jesus’ identity as a prophet after the pattern of Elisha and Elijah (see Luke 4:27). That pairing reminds us that those two ninth-century prophets are far better models for understanding the Jesus of the Gospels than the “divine men” of the GrecoRoman world are. Harrington – The Synoptic Gospels Set Free: Preaching without Anti-Judaism (Paulist Press 2009) p. 213

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Luke 16:19-31 Proper 21/Ordinary 26 Year C

September 5, 2016

‘There was a rich man who was dressed in purple and fine linen and who feasted sumptuously every day. 20And at his gate lay a poor man named Lazarus, covered with sores, 21who longed to satisfy his hunger with what fell from the rich man’s table; even the dogs would come and lick his sores. 22The poor man died and was carried away by the angels to be with Abraham.* The rich man also died and was buried. 23In Hades, where he was being tormented, he looked up and saw Abraham far away with Lazarus by his side.* 24He called out, “Father Abraham, have mercy on me, and send Lazarus to dip the tip of his finger in water and cool my tongue; for I am in agony in these flames.” 25But Abraham said, “Child, remember that during your lifetime you received your good things, and Lazarus in like manner evil things; but now he is comforted here, and you are in agony. 26Besides all this, between you and us a great chasm has been fixed, so that those who might want to pass from here to you cannot do so, and no one can cross from there to us.” 27He said, “Then, father, I beg you to send him to my father’s house— 28for I have five brothers—that he may warn them, so that they will not also come into this place of torment.” 29Abraham replied, “They have Moses and the prophets; they should listen to them.” 30He said, “No, father Abraham; but if someone goes to them from the dead, they will repent.” 31He said to him, “If they do not listen to Moses and the prophets, neither will they be convinced even if someone rises from the dead.” ’

 What echoes from Jewish texts are there is this parable?

Judges 8:26 The weight of the golden ear-rings that he requested was one thousand seven hundred shekels of gold (apart from the crescents and the pendants and the purple garments worn by the kings of Midian, and the collars that were on the necks of their camels).

Sirach 45:10 with the sacred vestment, of gold and violet and purple, the work of an embroiderer; with the oracle of judgement, Urim and Thummim;

Esther 1:6 There were white cotton curtains and blue hangings tied with cords of fine linen and purple to silver rings* and marble pillars. There were couches of gold and silver on a mosaic pavement of porphyry, marble, mother-of-pearl, and coloured stones.

Amos 6:4-6 Alas for those who lie on beds of ivory, and lounge on their couches,
and eat lambs from the flock, and calves from the stall; 5who sing idle songs to the sound of the harp, and like David improvise on instruments of music; 6who drink wine from bowls, and anoint themselves with the finest oils, but are not grieved over the ruin of Joseph!

 Why does Jesus say ‘they have Moses and the prophets?

Deuteronomy 10:18 who executes justice for the orphan and the widow, and who loves the strangers, providing them with food and clothing.

The torah demands the protection of the vulnerable, strangers, orphans and widows and the prophets reiterate this. It is almost saying that the Torah and the Prophets = Judaism, are enough.

Luke 17:5-10 Proper 22/ordinary 27

The apostles said to the Lord, ‘Increase our faith!’ 6The Lord replied, ‘If you had faith the size of a* mustard seed, you could say to this mulberry tree, “Be uprooted and planted in the sea”, and it would obey you.7 ‘Who among you would say to your slave who has just come in from ploughing or tending sheep in the field, “Come here at once and take your place at the table”? 8Would you not rather say to him, “Prepare supper for me, put on your apron and serve me while I eat and drink; later you may eat and drink”? 9Do you thank the slave for doing what was commanded? 10So you also, when you have done all that you were ordered to do, say, “We are worthless slaves; we have done only what we ought to have done!” ’

 How is Jesus’s teaching (i) like (ii) unlike Jewish teaching?

‘May this carob tree be moved, and it was. (b. Bava Metzi’a 58b)

“When Rabbi Johanan ate meat he also gave his slave to eat, and when he drank he also gave his slave to drink” (y. Bava Qamma 8:5, 6c).

“Do not be like servants who serve the master on condition of receiving a reward, but [be] like servants who serve the master not on condition of receiving a reward” (m. Avot 1:3).

“If you have learned much Torah, do not puff yourself up on that account, for it was for that purpose that you were created” (m. Avot 2 )

 Tree similar, Master-slave relationship more Hellenic but Jews stressed service for its own sake, not for reward

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1 Timothy 6:6-19 Proper 21/Ordinary 26 Year C

September 5, 2016

The specific problem is that some poorer members of the community, envious of the more well-to-do mem­bers (for example, some owned slaves, as shown in 6:1-2), are using their roles in the ekklesia for profit. Paul had earlier argued that anyone aspir­ing to exercise oversight of the community should not be “a lover of money” (3:3). The rabbis, too, cautioned against the misuse of religious office: “Rabbi Zadok says: ‘Do not make [Torah-teachings] a crown in which to glorify yourself or a spade with which to dig.”

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